The treatment process at a municipal plant is a multi-step barrier against contamination. While methods can vary, the core process typically involves these key stages:
Coagulation and Flocculation: Chemicals are added to the water that make tiny dirt and other particles stick together (coagulate), forming larger, heavier clumps called "floc."
Sedimentation: The water is left undisturbed in large tanks, allowing the heavy floc to settle to the bottom.
Filtration: The clear water on top then passes through filters (often made of sand, gravel, and charcoal), which remove any remaining dissolved particles, including dust, parasites, and bacteria.
Disinfection: Finally, a disinfectant—like chlorine or chloramine—is added to kill any remaining viruses and bacteria. This crucial step also protects the water as it travels through pipes to your home.
Some systems may include additional steps, like corrosion control to protect pipes or fluoride adjustment for dental health.