While municipal plants focus on organic matter and nutrients, healthcare facilities often require on-site pre-treatment before discharge. Common technologies include:
Disinfection (chlorination, UV, or ozone) to kill pathogens.
Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) to remove solids and pharmaceuticals.
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to break down persistent drug residues.
In some cases, source separation is used—for example, treating dialysis wastewater separately due to high ammonium content. The goal is to protect both public health and the central sewer system.